We didn't notice these before because test_defaultdict didn't
actually do anything before Georg fixed that earlier today.
Neal's next refleak run then showed test_defaultdict leaking
9 references on each run. That's repaired by this checkin.
- The copy module now "copies" function objects (as atomic objects).
- dict.__getitem__ now looks for a __missing__ hook before raising
KeyError.
- Added a new type, defaultdict, to the collections module.
This uses the new __missing__ hook behavior added to dict (see above).
deque_item(): a performance bug: the linked list of blocks was followed
from the left in most cases, because the test (i < (deque->len >> 1)) was
after "i %= BLOCKLEN".
deque_clear(): replaced a call to deque_len() with deque->len; not sure what
this call was here for, nor if all compilers under the sun would inline it.
deque_traverse(): I belive that it could be called by the GC when the deque
has leftblock==rightblock==NULL, because it is tracked before the first block
is allocated (though closely before). Still, a C extension module subclassing
deque could provide its own tp_alloc that could trigger a GC collection after
the PyObject_GC_Track()...
deque_richcompare(): rewrote to cleanly check for end-of-iterations instead of
relying on deque.__iter__().next() to succeed exactly len(deque) times -- an
assumption which can break if deques are subclassed. Added a test.
I wonder if the length should be explicitely bounded to INT_MAX, with
OverflowErrors, as in listobject.c. On 64-bit machines, adding more than
INT_MAX in the deque will result in trouble. (Note to anyone/me fixing
this: carefully check for overflows if len is close to INT_MAX in the
following functions: deque_rotate(), deque_item(), deque_ass_item())
